When the muscles in an animal’s pelvic diaphragm cannot offer adequate support, it can lead to the development of a perineal hernia, causing significant pain and discomfort. This condition is more prevalent in dogs than in cats, particularly in males rather than females. Treatment typically entails surgical intervention followed by the administration of prescription medications to alleviate the animal’s pain.
Symptoms and Types
Physical indications may encompass perineal area swelling, protrusion from the pelvis or adjacent regions, and loss of bowel control.
Causes
Although a hernia of the pelvic diaphragm can develop in any animal breed, it is notably more prevalent in specific breeds, such as:
- Pekingese
- Boston Terrier
- Welsh Corgi
- Dachshund
- Boxer
- Kelpie
- Collie
Old English Sheepdog
- A perineal hernia tends to occur more frequently in older animals, as the region weakens over time. The exact reason for this weakening is not fully understood, though hormonal factors may play a role. Additionally, prostatic disease or cancer can be an underlying cause of this type of hernia. Other potential causes include colorectal disease and pelvic atrophy.
Diagnosis
A rectal examination of the animal can reveal various potential causes of the diaphragmatic hernia, such as tissue disease in the anal area, inflammation of the anal region, and urinary tract inflammation. X-rays and ultrasounds are commonly employed to visualize the affected area, ensuring that there are no more severe underlying issues and enabling the veterinarian to assess the internal region surrounding the hernia.
Treatment
Surgery is frequently advised to rectify the hernia damage, but it’s typically recommended for animals in stable condition. After surgery, the rectum becomes highly sensitive, and the use of laxatives, stool softeners, and enemas may assist in maintaining stool consistency and enhancing the comfort of the animal during defecation.
Living and Management
There’s a notable risk of infection linked with this surgical procedure, underscoring the importance of diligent postoperative care. Common surgical complications may involve infection, fecal incontinence, recurrence, and complete or partial paralysis of the nerve endings surrounding the surgical area.
Prevention
This condition is extremely rare in neutered dogs, making full castration a preventive measure. Currently, no other preventive methods are known.
