What Are Grass Allergies in Dogs?
Grass allergies in dogs are quite common and can stem from either inhaling or coming into contact with grass pollen. These allergies can trigger skin reactions or upper respiratory issues. Importantly, dogs don’t have to be physically on the grass to experience symptoms as grass pollens are airborne.
Typically, grass allergies peak during the spring and fall seasons when grass pollen is more abundant due to seasonal variations. However, they can persist throughout the year. The allergens, primarily grass pollens, are absorbed through the dog’s skin and mucus membranes. Interestingly, many dogs with grass allergies may also suffer from flea allergies and food allergies.
While grass allergies can affect dogs of any age, most begin experiencing symptoms after the age of 1, likely due to prior exposure to allergens. Though the symptoms can be uncomfortable for dogs, they are usually not life-threatening. However, severe allergic reactions, such as anaphylaxis, though rare, require immediate veterinary attention. Anaphylaxis can manifest within 5–30 minutes of contact with the allergen and may include symptoms like severe hives, facial swelling (especially around the eyes and muzzle), wheezing, difficulty breathing, increased respiratory rate, and vomiting or diarrhea, with or without blood. If you suspect your dog is experiencing anaphylaxis or observe any of these symptoms, seek veterinary care promptly.
Symptoms
- Skin redness (erythema)
- Persistent itching (pruritus)
- Scratching, particularly around the face, armpits, and body sides
- Excessive licking or chewing, notably targeting the feet
- Although a rash might develop, identifying redness and a visible rash can be challenging due to the dog’s haircoat.
Causes
The origins of grass allergies in dogs trace back to common grass pollens, derived from varieties like Bermuda, fescue, alfalfa, or rye. They exhibit symptoms akin to allergies triggered by pollens originating from trees (such as cedar, pine, oak) and weeds (like ragweed, pigweed).
Dogs who revel in rolling around in the grass can manifest symptoms due to direct contact. Others may experience symptoms by inhaling pollen during walks or merely being in areas where grass pollen is prevalent, even indoors.
Grass allergies often manifest during spring and fall, coinciding with grass growth and the dispersal of pollen, leaving a yellow dust trail behind. When a dog traverses an area with pollen and it comes into contact with mucous membranes (nose, eyes, mouth), skin, and paws, symptoms may arise.
Diagnosis
To diagnose grass allergies in dogs, veterinarians typically begin by gathering a comprehensive history of the dog’s symptoms. This includes details such as the duration, severity, seasonal patterns, and any prior treatments administered.
Following this, a meticulous examination of the dog’s haircoat and skin is conducted. Observations include noting the distribution of hair loss, presence of skin lesions such as pimples or rashes, assessment for dry or oily skin, identification of scratches (excoriations) resulting from itching, and evaluation of redness or skin irritation indicating inflammation. These findings aid in reaching a diagnosis.
In some cases, based solely on clinical symptoms, veterinarians may initiate symptomatic treatment without the need for additional testing. However, if topical or conservative treatments fail to yield results, further diagnostic testing may be necessary to rule out alternative causes.
Allergy Testing Your Dog
Your primary veterinarian might offer serum blood testing for allergies, but the most precise method is the Intradermal Skin Test, conducted by a veterinary dermatologist. This test stands as the gold standard for allergy testing. Typically, the intradermal test is performed with mild sedation, where one side of the dog’s abdomen is shaved, and specific allergens are injected.
The area is then observed for the presence of hives, indicating an allergic reaction to the injected allergen. Upon identification of the allergens, a tailored treatment plan is devised for the individual pet.
Hyposensitization therapy presents another option, involving gradual exposure of the pet to the allergen in small doses to foster resistance over time.
Treatment
The objective of treating grass allergies in dogs is to manage symptoms since most cases cannot be cured. Treatment strategies are tailored according to the severity of symptoms, and it’s advisable to seek guidance from your veterinarian for the best approach for your dog.
For mild symptoms, the following topical therapies may be suggested:
- Bathing with a hypoallergenic or mild oatmeal-based pet shampoo: Regular bathing helps eliminate allergens before they penetrate the skin, potentially reducing itching. Various oatmeal shampoos are available without a prescription.
- Using a medicated shampoo: While not usually adequate for treating active infections, medicated shampoos can help prevent infections by removing allergens and reducing bacteria and yeast on the skin. Consult your vet to determine the most suitable medicated shampoo.
- Maintaining cleanliness after outdoor activities: Cleaning your dog’s feet and body after outdoor excursions can prevent excessive licking and chewing. Mild soap and water, aloe pet wipes, or medicated wipes containing antimicrobial and antifungal ingredients are options.
For moderate to severe symptoms, including intense itching, other treatment options may be recommended:
- Short courses of corticosteroids: Steroid-containing medications like Omnipred and Pred Mild may be prescribed for severe itching. These medications are available by prescription and are typically used short-term due to potential long-term side effects.
- Immunotherapy or hyposensitization therapy: These treatments are administered if allergens are identified through blood or intradermal skin tests. They involve weekly injections or oral liquid medication formulated specifically for the dog based on allergy test results.
Living and Management
Recovery and management of grass allergies in dogs entail identifying or at least narrowing down the specific grasses triggering the allergic reactions. Dogs come into contact with various grasses in environments like yards, dog parks, or fields. Being aware of the grass types in your area, monitoring symptom flare-ups, and avoiding these areas whenever feasible can be beneficial.
While allergies can be managed and symptoms controlled, achieving a complete cure is unlikely. A treatment is generally deemed successful if symptoms, particularly itching, are reduced by approximately 80%.
Grass Allergies in Dogs FAQs
Are there any home remedies for grass allergies in dogs?
Over-the-counter (OTC) shampoos like mild oatmeal, moisturizing, or medicated shampoos can help, along with medicated wipes such as KetoHex or Mal-A-Ket wipes. Dogs with allergies can be bathed safely twice a week without drying out their skin. It’s important that the shampoo remains in contact with the skin for 10 minutes before rinsing. Consult your vet to determine the best shampoo for your dog’s specific needs.
How can I know if my dog is allergic to grass?
If your dog plays or walks in grassy areas or lives near them and exhibits symptoms like red, itchy skin or feet, sneezing, or a runny nose or eyes, it’s likely they have a grass allergy. Your veterinarian can assess your dog’s skin and help confirm if allergies are the cause. Further testing may be required to establish an appropriate treatment plan.
