Trichoepitheliomas and Pilomatricomas in Dogs
Hair follicle tumors in dogs encompass two main types: trichoepitheliomas and pilomatricomas. Trichoepitheliomas originate from cystic hair follicles, while pilomatricomas stem from the cells responsible for producing hair follicles.
Trichoepitheliomas manifest as small, benign growths typically located along a dog’s back, shoulders, flank, tail, or limbs. Conversely, pilomatricomas, though rare, emerge from the hair matrix, where hair follicle-producing cells reside, and are often found on the trunk of middle-aged dogs.
Prompt veterinary evaluation is crucial for hair follicle tumors. Fortunately, the prognosis for these tumors is usually favorable, with the majority being benign.
Certain breeds, including Golden Retrievers, Basset Hounds, German Shepherds, Cocker Spaniels, Irish Setters, English Springer Spaniels, Miniature Schnauzers, and Standard Poodles, have shown predispositions to hair follicle tumors. However, the prognosis remains positive due to the benign nature of most tumors.
Symptoms and Types
Trichoepitheliomas:
- Occur on the back, shoulders, flank, tail, and limbs.
Pilomatricomas:
- Develop on the trunk or torso of the body.
Causes
- The cause is unknown.
- There is a suspected genetic link.
Diagnosis
- Your veterinarian will conduct a comprehensive physical examination of your dog, considering the history of symptoms and medical records you provide.
- A thorough physical examination will include a blood chemical profile, complete blood count, electrolyte panel, and urinalysis.
- Samples of the tumor will be collected for detailed examination of its structure. These samples will undergo histopathological laboratory analysis, including fine needle aspirate for fluid samples and tissue biopsy. This analysis will determine the specific type of hair follicle tumor present and whether it is benign or malignant. Although these tumors are typically benign, histopathological results may indicate a different tumor type, potentially requiring more aggressive treatment.
Treatment
Your veterinarian will likely advise surgical removal of the tumor, ensuring wide surgical margins to ensure complete removal. If histopathological results indicate a malignant tumor, your veterinarian may refer you to a veterinary oncologist for additional treatment.
Living and Management
Regular monitoring of your dog for recurrence of hair follicle tumors is essential. If you observe the development of additional tumors, promptly contact your veterinarian. Generally, the prognosis for this condition is excellent, as the majority of tumors are benign.
